Ontario

3.B Life Systems – Growth and Changes in Plants

B1.2 assess ways in which human activities have an impact on plants and plant habitats, and identify personal actions that they could take to minimize harmful effects and enhance positive ones

B1.3 assess the benefits and limitations of locally grown food

B2. Exploring and Understanding Concepts

B2.1  describe the basic needs of plants, including the need for air, water, light, heat, nutrients, and space, and identify environmental conditions that may threaten plant survival

B2.2  identify different parts of plants, including the root, stem, flower, stamen, pistil, leaf, seed, cone, and fruit, and describe how each part contributes to plants’ survival within their environment

B2.3 describe changes that different plants undergo in their life cycles

B2.4 describe ways in which a variety of plants adapt and/or react to their environment and to changes in their environment

B2.5 demonstrate an understanding that most plants get energy directly from the Sun through the process of photosynthesis, which involves the absorption of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen

B2.6 describe ways in which people, including Indigenous peoples, from various cultures around the world use plants for food, shelter, medicine, and clothing

B2.7 describe various plants used for food, including those grown by First Nations, Métis, and Inuit, and identify local settings where these plants are grown or found

B2.8 describe ways in which plants and animals, including humans, depend on each other

3.C Matter and Energy – Forces and Motion

C1.2 assess harmful effects of forces that may result from various human activities, and describe how health and safety devices can minimize these effects

C2. Exploring and Understanding Concepts

C2.2 describe different ways a force can be exerted on an object

C2.3 describe how different forces applied to an object, including forces of varying magnitude, can cause the object to start, stop, or change its direction, speed, or shape

C2.4 identify ways in which forces are used in their daily lives

3.D Structures and Mechanisms – Strong and Stable Structures

D1.2 assess the environmental impact of structures built by various animals, including structures built by humans

D2. Exploring and Understanding Concepts

D2.2 demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between form and function for various structures

D2.3 identify the strength of a structure as its ability to support a load and describe ways to increase the strength of structures, including ways to increase the strength of different materials used to build them

D2.4 describe the stability of a structure as its ability to keep its shape, maintain balance, float, and/or stay fixed in one spot when a force is applied to the structure, and describe ways to improve a structure’s stability

D2.5 identify properties of materials that need to be considered when building structures

D2.6 describe ways in which different forces can affect the shape, balance, or position of structures

D2.7 explain the role of struts and ties in structures under load

3.E Earth and Space Systems – Soils in the Environment

E1.2 assess the impact of human activity on soils, and describe ways in which humans can improve the quality of soils and/or lessen or prevent harmful effects on soils

E2. Exploring and Understanding Concepts

E2.2 identify different substances that are commonly added to, or absorbed by, the soil, and describe their effects on soil health

E2.3 examine different types of soils found in Ontario, and describe how different soils are suited to growing different types of food, including crops

E2.4 explain the process of erosion, including its causes and its impact on soils

E2.5 identify various strategies used to maintain and improve soil health in Ontario

E2.6 describe the process of composting, and explain some benefits of composting